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Review Novel Terusur Karya Buya Hamka Sinopsis Novel ini berlatar di tanah Medan,   menceritakan tentang seorang wanita, Mariah yang di fitnah oleh keluarga suaminya. Dia dituduh berselingkuh dengan lelaki lain. Suaminya, Azhar, tanpa mencari tahu terlebih dahulu dengan gegabah mengusir Mariah dan tidak mau mendengar sedikitpun pembelaan Mariah. Mariah pergi dengan meninggalkan anak semata wayang mereka, Sofyan, yang sampai dewasa tidak pernah bertemu dengannya.   Cerita Mariah terus berlanjut. Dia hidup terlunta-lunta. Mulai dari menjadi pembantu dirumah saudagar kaya, sampai menjadi seorang pelacur dengan nama “ Neng Sitti”. Konflik ini tidak berakhir begitu saja. Beberapa tahun kemudian, Sofyan telah menjadi pemuda yang sukses sebagai pengacara. Dia membela “Neng Sitti”, yang terkena kasus pembunuhan Wirja,   musuh besar Sofyan. Konflik antara Sofyan dan Wirja terjadi karena adanya perempuan bernama Emi dalam hidup mereka. Emi, seorang perempuan Sunda dari ka...

RESEARCH QUESTION 1. How does the society, in the setting of the story affect Hester's fate in The Scarlet Letter? 2. Mother daughter relationships psychology in scarlet letter? 3. How might we use an understanding of repression, ego and the superego? METHODS Psychoanalytic  criticism adopts the methods of "reading" employed by Freud and later theorists to interpret texts. It argues that literary texts, like dreams, express the secret unconscious desires and anxieties of the author, that a literary work is a manifestation of the author's own neuroses. One may psychoanalyze a particular character within a literary work, but it is usually assumed that all such characters are projections of the author's psyche. One interesting facet of this approach is that it validates the importance of literature, as it is built on a literary key for the decoding. Freud himself wrote, "The dream-thoughts which we first come across as we proceed ...

HISTORY OF AMERICAN REALISM After the Civil War, the vision of the Romantic America (Cooper's Last of the Mohicans) had disappeared because of the expansion to the West ("Manifest Destiny") and because the cultural center of the USA moved from Boston to New York (which represented modernity). (The history of American realismhttps://www.skyminds.net/19th-century-realism-naturalism/) Harriet Beecher-Stowe (1811-1896) used to write children's books. She wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852, which was a pamphlet against slavery from a Christian and sentimental point of view. African Americans saw it as a paternalistic portray, not realistic at all. Its aim was to draw people against slavery and indirected started the Civil War. (The history of American realismhttps://www.skyminds.net/19th-century-realism-naturalism/) Mark Twain (1835-1910) is Samuel Clemens' nom de plume. He was mainly a humorist with a strong regionalist tradition and used the vernacular (...

History Of Naturalism In America Naturalism was much more important as a movement in the States than in Great Britain. This can be partly explained by the fact that the social change was even faster and more radical in this country after the Civil War (1861-1865). The period saw the end of the agrarian myth of a pastoral America in the face of rapid industrialization, especially in the North, and the closing of the Frontier in 1890. The American dream of capitalistic success did not materialize either for most immigrants and the urban poor. Out of these deep concerns, an original type of Naturalism was born, which could mix Zola's positivist ideology and a truly aesthetic innovativeness and a symbolic approach. It was represented by writers such as Stephen Crane (1871-1900) in  The Red Badge of Courage  (1896) and  Maggie, a Girl of the Streets  (1893); Frank Norris (1870-1902) in  McTeague  (1899); Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945) in  An American Tr...

AMERICAN TRANCENDENTALISM Transcendentalism  is a philosophy started in the early 19th century that promotes intuitive, spiritual thinking instead of scientific thinking based on material things. Transcendentalism  comes from the  Latin word  transcendere, which means to "climb over or beyond." Transcendentalism was an American literary movement that emphasized the importance and equality of the individual. It began in the 1830s in America and was heavily influenced by German philosophers including  Johann Wolfgang von Goethe  and Immanuel Kant, along with English writers like  William Wordsworth  and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.   Transcendentalists espoused four main philosophical points. Simply stated, these were the ideas of:  Self Reliance Individual Conscience Intuition Over Reason Unity of All Things in Nature In other words, individual men and women can be their own authority on knowledge through t...

ABSTRACT Tupac Shakur, rap artist, actor and poet, was one of the best-selling music artistes ever, selling over 75 million records worldwide. Rolling Stone magazine rated him 86 th  out the top 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. He was nominated twice in his career; in 1995 for best actor in Poetic Justice and in 2004 for best song – Resurrection. He was born Lesane Parish Crooks June 16 th  1996, the son of Afeni Shakur, in East Harlem, New York City. Both his mother and his father, Billy Garland, were members of the Black Panther Party – a revolutionary party associated with the Black Power civil rights movement in the 1960s and 70s. Shortly before Tupac’s birth his mother had been acquitted of charges of ‘Conspiracy against the US government.’ From early childhood he was surrounded by people, including members of his family, who were involved in and convicted of serious criminal offences including murder. It is not surprising that his music would reflect his reput...